In-depth assessment of mass shootings directed at religious targets
Casper, Kathryn Dusenberg
Citations
Abstract
Mass shooting incidents are rare events that have a great impact on society. While research on mass shootings is plentiful, there is a lack of research devoted specifically to mass shootings directed at religious targets. These targets are typically included in the public mass shooting category, resulting in potentially valuable information regarding these offenders to fall through the cracks. Data surrounding the characteristics of 220 mass shooting incidents was gathered and separated into three categories based on target: religious, school, and public place. Utilizing a One Way ANOVA and Chi-Squared tests of independence, several significant relationships were found to exist between target types and characteristics of offender and incident. Data was then narrowed down to just the 30 religious target cases, where offender typologies were determined. These typologies were revenge, domestic violence, lone actor terrorism, and in commission of another crime. Determination of typologies was done by measuring inter-rater reliability among five current and former Tulsa Police Department Homicide detectives. Using the agreed upon typologies, descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated among each of the typology groups. Finally, a One Way ANOVA and Chi-Squared tests of independence were conducted for typology category and characteristics of the offender and incident. Significant relationships were found for each typology other than in commission of another crime. The results suggested that an offender’s motive does in fact play a role into the target selection, warning signs, their personal connection to that target, the average fatality count, and the likelihood of them dying by suicide or being killed on scene. The suggestions of each finding are discussed along with limitations of this research. Contributions of this project and suggestions for future research are also discussed.