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Evaluating a salience nudge to increase uptake of 988

Wagler, Kayla R.
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Abstract

Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2018) and the second leading cause of death among ages 18-24. Approximately 1,100 college students die by suicide each year in the United States (CDC, 2009), making college students particularly vulnerable to suicide risk. There is a need for tactics to broaden suicide prevention initiatives in the general public using scalable prevention resources. The 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is one scalable and effective resource that provides support and prevention efforts for individuals going through suicide crises, and having this number easily accessible may increase prevention opportunities. Prior research has shown that nudges, which are small interventions aimed to promote certain choices by taking advantage of decision makers’ cognitive biases and heuristics, have been shown to be effective at promoting suicide prevention resources (Bauer et al., 2019; Bauer et al., 2021). The current study investigated the efficacy of a previously unexplored nudge type in suicide research, the salience nudge, to promote willingness saving the 988 crisis line number into college students’ cell phones. The nudge was an informational statement regarding suicide rates among college students meant to increase salience of suicide as a relevant issue for students. Findings indicate that the salience nudge did not increase reported willingness to save, or actual behavior in saving, 988 into participants’ cell phones. Exploratory analyses suggest female gender, knowing someone who has died by suicide, personality traits of agreeableness and openness, and higher self-reported symptoms of depression and anxiety relate to willingness and behavior of saving the crisis line, independent of having received the nudge. Salience nudges that emphasize suicide risk may not increase uptake of 988 but other person-level factors may provide useful information in targeting such suicide prevention efforts.

Date
2024-05
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