Research Day 2019

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https://openresearch.okstate.edu/handle/20.500.14446/323834

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Statistical significance and sports medicine trials
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Checketts, Jake Xavier; Johnson, Austin; Riddle, Jonathan; Evans, Sheridan; Scott, Jared; Fishbeck, Keith; Boose, Marshall; Whitener, Jake; Jones, Jaclyn; Basener, Clint; Hanson, Chad; Vassar, Matthew
Objectives: Lowering the threshold for statistical significance in medical research from a P value of .05 to .005 was recently proposed to reduce misinterpretation of study results. What effect this proposal would have on orthopaedic sports medicine literature is currently unclear.
Systematic reviews in the prevention of research waste in emergency medicine randomized controlled trials
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Johnson, Brad; Adewumi, M. Tomi; Sims, Matt; Vassar, Matt
Before a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is performed, systematic reviews (SR) of the topic need to be cited to ensure new, meaningful information is being added. Studies that do not do this can cause wasted resources such as funding and time. We analyzed RCTs in the top emergency medicine journals for indication of SR citations. We searched PubMed for studies that were published between 01/01/2014 and 12/31/2017.
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) and maternal mental health
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Wyatt, Tara Young; Shreffler, Karina M.; Tiemeyer, Stacy
Admittance of newborns into a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a common, though often unexpected, occurrence. Prior research on the psychological impacts of a NICU admittance for new mothers has utilized hospital samples for postpartum depressive symptomology. The current study draws upon a transition to motherhood survey conducted in 2016 of 127 women during pregnancy and following the birth of a first child. Though there were no significant differences in depression scores during pregnancy, multiple regression analyses indicate that women whose infants were admitted to a NICU following birth reported significantly higher postpartum depressive symptomology than women whose infants were not admitted to a NICU. These findings suggest implications for policies and practices that enhance maternal well-being following an infant's NICU admittance.
Retrospective, matched cohort study of the effectiveness of common COPD drug treatments on 30-day readmissions
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Blair, Andrea; Sathyanarayanan, Shrieraam; Benjamin, Bruce
Introduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung disease that represents an important public health challenge. Pharmacological treatment of COPD continues to be a challenge in the US, especially in rural areas. Hospitals with high 30-day readmissions may face penalties under HRRP.
Pediatric resident physicians perceptions of competency in pediatric palliative care
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Beeson, Christine; Kadapuram, Betsy; Mohamed, Ashraf; Fugate, Colony
Introduction: The American Academy of Pediatrics advises pediatric residencies to address end-of-life care in their curricula1. However, studies show pediatric residents do not feel prepared to deliver or discuss end-of-life care with patients and families2 . This study's purpose is to investigate resident perceptions of pediatric palliative care and related resident training to determine gaps in resident education and guide curricular development.
Identifying barriers to healthcare as reported by rural and medically underserved patients in Oklahoma
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Beavers, Craig; Goree, Crystal; Hartman, Mackenzie; McNeil, Christopher; Paramel, Ipe; Adewumi, Tomi; Erdmann, Marjorie; Paiva, William
OBJECTIVE: The Rural Patient Experience survey seeks to identify barriers to healthcare faced by patients in rural Oklahoma. Through the administration of a survey directly to patients, this study will analyze the current status of healthcare access, availability, and usage among rural Oklahoma populations. Results can be used to implement effective improvements in healthcare access tailored to specific patient-identified barriers.
Evaluation of medical students' implicit and explicit biases towards obesity
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Worth, Brandon; Fugate, Colony
Introduction: Obesity is well documented to affect all body systems. The view of society towards individuals with obesity is negative and those who are obese can have negative views of themselves and others with obesity. Further, physicians are less likely to build rapport with individuals who have excess weight. In response, medical schools have established curricula in an attempt to educate their students on the obesity epidemic and weight bias.
Long term consumption of high fructose and high salt diet did not induce blood pressure elevation in female mice. Is estrogen protective against dietary-induced high blood pressure?
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Waturuocha, Chiedozie; Fan, Liming; Rouch, Al
Introduction: High fructose and high salt (HFHS) consumption are linked to hypertension, which is now the leading cause of death worldwide. Results from a previous study showed that the effect of HFHS on blood pressure (BP) is dependent on the concentration and duration of consumption. Sex differences in BP regulation are partially attributed to the effects of sex steroids on key renal sodium transporters.
Projection of Oklahoma's pediatric transportation need and financial benefits of transporting them to primary care
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Willmann, John-Martin; Erdmann, Marjorie; Paiva, William
Children that do not have access or transportation to the doctor's office tend to miss appointments. Often they end up in the emergency room (ER) which results in avoidable ER cost which is incurred by the insurance companies and state and federal payers. The hypothesis is: transporting pediatric patients in need of same or next day primary care would create cost savings from preventable ER visits. This study examines the results from a pilot transportation project conducted at a rural Oklahoma pediatric clinic and attempts to extrapolate these results to predict Oklahoma's statewide Medicaid pediatric no-show rate from a confirmed no-ride rate. Using rural clinic data and publicly available state Medicaid data, we predicted the number of statewide pediatric missed visits, the number of sick children visits, and incurred avoidable ER visit costs. These data suggest there are 52,386 missed visits which totals to $5,066,808 of lost clinic revenue. Of these, 36,908 are estimated to be sick visits and 16.7% of these children will incur an ER visit at a cost of $1,316 per visit according the Oklahoma Health Care Authority published data. This translates into $8,095,279 in avoidable ER visit costs. The results suggest the lack of transportation for sick Medicaid children in need of same day or next day primary care generates higher health care cost. Moreover, a sick child's lack of health care will result in long term secondary and tertiary impacts and implications on family, community, and state.
Accurate reporting of obstetrical history at initial prenatal visit: Retrospective case study
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Wright, Micah; Luu, Thanh; Smith, Katie; Sorrelle, Jessie; Sikes, Christa; Bowes, Anne; Vargus, DJ; Rossavik, Caro; Frye, Lance; Po, William; Oraee, Dan
Background: The potential for recall bias at initial intake visit of multiparous obstetrical patients is a common concern. Accuracy of initial obstetrical history reporting can drastically alter the course of pregnancy management if information documented during pregnancy is inaccurate. This retrospective study assess the overall accuracy of obstetrical history reporting at intake visit for multiparous obstetrical patients.
Is the research you value a waste of money?
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Walters, Corbin; Clifton, Angela; Fladie, Ian; Meyer, Chase; Torgerson, Trevor; Vassar, Matt
Introduction and Hypothesis: Eighty-five percent of health research may be wasted, resulting in $170 billion annually in wasteful research spending worldwide. Given the increased use of randomized trials and their influence on medicine, one method to combat research waste is to conduct RCTs only when a systematic review (SR) suggests more data are needed or when no previous systematic reviews are identified. Here, we hypothesize SRs would be rarely cited as justification for conducting RCTs.
Prevention of lacerations at time of operative delivery: An evaluation of quality improvement interventions
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Wright, Micah; Solis, Luanne; Bond, Daniel; Waugh, Taylor; Epps, Sarah Grace; Abernathy, Kent; Frye, Lance; Po, William; Babb, Corey; Oraee, Dan; Guevara, Carlos; Brown, Erin
Objective: To test the ability of a targeted intervention to decrease rates of vaginal or perineal lacerations occurring at the time of operative delivery. We used available evidence to implement an educational and clinical support program to promote operative delivery simulation and teaching. We hypothesized our quality improvement intervention supporting increased frequency of operative delivery simulation and training would show a decrease in the occurrence of lacerations following operative delivery.
Characterization of growth and antibiotic resistance in Burkholderia cepacia complex organisms
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Smith, Ellie; Reed, Daniel; Champlin, Franklin
Introduction: Isolates are opportunistic pathogens within the Burkholderia cepacia Complex (Bcc). One key characteristic is that they are gram-negative, thereby making them generally resistant to hydrophobic molecules.
Does blood flow restriction training improve quadriceps measures after arthroscopic knee surgery? A critically appraised topic
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Arve, Erik; Warren, Aric
Introduction: Knee injuries are one of the most prevalent pathologies in sport. It is estimated that 100,000 - 250,000 ACL injuries occur per year3. It is common for patients to struggle with quadriceps strength impairment as high as 18% at two years post ACL repair11. Quadriceps strength is strongly associated with athletic performance and likelihood of re-injury after ACL repair4,5,10,12,13,19. Quadriceps strength deficits are also documented after other arthroscopic procedures and the presence of knee effusion 2,8,14,18. Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is an intervention gaining popularity in rehabilitation. BFR can improve strength and hypertrophy measures with loads as low as 20% of 1RM1. This makes BFR an ideal intervention when heavier loads are contraindicated.
Impact of heavy metal/pesticide mixtures on colorectal cell function
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Wallace, David R.
Introduction: There may be a causal relationship between environmental factors and the development of colorectal cancer, but this needs further examination. Little data exists examining heavy metal or pesticide effects on colorectal cells. This study is the first to begin systematic examination of cadmium, glyphosate and cadmium-glyphosate mixtures on colorectal cell function.
Standardization of SCAT-5 scores in college-aged individuals
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Toliver, MacKenzie; Volberding, Jennifer
Concussions and their long-term effects have grown in prevalence in the sports industry in recent years, increasing from thousands to millions. Most clinicians and researchers believe more work can still be done to improve the diagnosis and treatment process. Advancements have occurred in injury definition and impact recognition, thus the diagnosis, treatment, and recovery processes need to match. The SCAT5, a standardized tool for evaluating concussions designed for use by physicians and healthcare professionals, is utilized for baseline testing and diagnosis. This study aimed to determine a normative dataset from the results of the SCAT5 performed on non-injured college-aged individuals. 26 participants (13 male and 13 female) completed the cross-sectional study. Data was collected via the SCAT5 questionnaire. Subjects were inquired to monitor their orientation, memorization, and concentration via the SCAT5 a valid and reliable measure currently utilized by healthcare providers. In addition to the orientation, memorization and concentration components, participants also completed the balance testing section which was the BESS test. Data from this study provides baseline comparative data on non-athlete college-aged individuals. This data can be utilized by clinicians in the concussion diagnosis and return to play decisions. Further research with an increased population is needed to find greater correlations between variables and a more robust set of comparative results.
Experiencing family incarceration during childhood: Implications for the next generation
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Tiemeyer, Stacy; Shreffler, Karina M.
The experience of parental incarceration has been linked to increased risk for developmental and health problems. For children, parental incarceration is associated with further cumulative risk for additional adverse exposures. Most studies on parental incarceration focus on global mental and physical health during childhood, but there is scant research on adults who experienced parental incarceration during childhood. Perinatal stress, especially pregnancy-specific stress, has been linked to pre-term delivery, post-natal depression and child neurological development. This study examines the association between parental incarceration during childhood and pregnancy-specific stress.
Binary indices at various densities
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Turner, Skylar; Price, Joseph A., III
Binary similarity indices are numerical analysis methods used to compare data involving two binary vectors (lists). The scope of this project involved comparing 54 binary similarity indices methods in relationship to binary vector density using the R programming language. Matrices were created of various vector data. The matrices were then scrambled to represent random data. Finally, the data was analyzed and plotted. Vector density variation can result in large differences - in both rate of change relative to density and magnitude. Awareness of these differences is important when selecting an analysis method and understanding the effects of changing vector density on analysis of results.
Assessment of rural primary care clinics through the Patient Evaluation Advisory Tool
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Richardson, Heston; Lenz, Cameron; Adewumi, Tomi; Paramel, Ipe; Erdmann, Marjorie; Paiva, William
OBJECTIVE:
Venom:antivenom immune complex binding assay using size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC)
(Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 2019-02-22) Sanny, Charles G.; Shults, Crystal A.
The treatment of envenomation with effective snake antivenom immunoglobins has become a critical worldwide health issue. Current methods for testing the effectiveness of new antivenom mixtures in neutralizing venom toxicity/lethality use animal models (e.g. mice). Neutralization of venom toxicity/lethality requires the formation of venom-antivenom immune complexes (though the extent of complex formation in vivo is unknown). Size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC) is a reproducible quantitative method to characterize venom-antivenom immune complex formation in vitro within a relatively short time. Changes in SE-HPLC elution profiles due to dose-dependent formation of venom-antivenom immune complexes are present for 1) Crotalis atrox (western diamondback rattlesnake) venom and the current antivenom used clinically in North America [FabAV (Ovine); CroFabTM], and 2) Bothrops jararaca venom (Brazil) and Bothropic antivenom [F(ab')2AV (Equine); Brazil]. Changes in profile region areas were fit to a hyperbolic dose-response function to estimate maximum binding and venom/antivenom concentrations at half-maximum binding.

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